Nintendo History Essay Example for Free

Nintendo History Essay Nintendo was established in 1889. It was a poker card workshop. In any case, presently it’s Japans most celebrated game creation organization. Its creation of electronic games are mainstream all around the globe. Nintendo is the NO.1 of the universes computer game organizations. With just 850 staffs, Nintendo used to beat such super ventures as Toyota incidentally, in this manner turning out to be Japanese first benefit making organization. Nintendo spells â€Å"Wii† with two lower-case â€Å"I† characters implies: To look like two individuals standing next to each other, speaking to players assembling. Wii seems like we, which underscores that the reassure is for everybody. Wii can without much of a stretch be recollected by individuals around the globe, regardless of what language they talk. The Wii is a home computer game reassure discharged by Nintendo on November 19, 2006. The Nintendo Wii is the seventh era computer game comfort of the Nintendo arrangement. It plays Nintendo computer games through plates, and distinguishes development in three measurements. The Wii is intended to animate intelligence and development among its clients, so they mess around and get practice at the same time. The essential remote controller, the Wii remote, is a handheld pointing gadget which makes the on-screen player impersonate the developments of the individual having the Wii remote. Nintendo creation of electronic games In 1983ï ¼Å¡NES In 1989ï ¼Å¡Game Boy In 1990ï ¼Å¡Super Famicom In 1996ï ¼Å¡Nintendo64 In 2001ï ¼Å¡Game Boy Advance In 2001ï ¼Å¡GameCube In 2004ï ¼Å¡Nintendo DS In 2006ï ¼Å¡Wii In 2012ï ¼Å¡Wii U http://game.people.com.cn/n/2012/1120/c49419-19633647-4.htmlhttp://blog.eio.com/2012/07/21/a prologue to-the-nintendo-wii/ 1. Was Nintendo simply fortunate, or does the Wii’s achievement have key legitimacy? Nintendos procedure was clear and shrewd. It imagined that it couldn't make due in the opposition with Microsofts Xbox and Sonys Play Station 3. Along these lines, Nintendo don't attempt to contend to the contender as opposed to it attempted to revamp the gaming framework. Without concerning the further developed innovation, it attempted to accomplish all the more utilizing less venture. They understood that they couldn’t improve an item, so by changing the manner by which the item is utilized they made a totally different market at their control. By changing their concentrate away from the game however the experience Nintendo made a one of a kind methodology that is presently equal with their name. Nintendo built up the Wii with an unmistakable plan and advertising procedure set up. In this way, Nintendos system was so ingenious and it worked like enchantment blend strategy.Their accomplishment with the Wii truly comes from two sources. To begin with, they have increased gene rous piece of the overall industry with beforehand undiscovered socioeconomics (old, smallchildren, and families). Second, since they have dispensed with a large number of the extra expenses and highlights of the further developed game frameworks, they have had the option to more readily contend dependent on price.Even while they were battling, Nintendo kept up a solid brand inside the gaming business. Advertising Strategies of Nintendo are through the item, valuing, advancement, and spot. With the item, Nintendo upgraded the controller to make it simpler and more nature to play games,e.g movement affectability, IR sensors. Nintendo keep cost at $250.00 while XBOX and PS3 over $350.00. Wii games less expensive $10.00 than XBOX and PS3. It offering different assistants to create income. Ninendo advancement through mass selling, utilizes go-between (GameStop, hypermarket, shopping center), utilizes both push or pull procedures. Pushing is utilized by publicizing through advertisements, promotions, brochures, magazines, and internet.Pulling is shown by keeping close by stock low leaving clients coming back to check availability.Nintendo has incorporated a free game with eachWii unit, different frameworks, they increment the cost by $20-50. they offer the Nintendo WiFi association. This permits you to play certain web based games against companions and others. Nintendoapos;s WiFi assoc iation is free and offers numerous decent updates. About the spot, Nintendo has conveyance revolves the world over. Each conveying the districts rendition of Nintendo’s frameworks or games. In the United States there are 2 conveyance communities, that are Redmond, Washington; Atlanta, Georgia. Retailers get their stock legitimately from Nintendo.Businesses are picking up around $10 per unit sold; be that as it may, they bring in their cash through game and frill deals. 2) In which phase of the item life cycle is theWii? In light of that stage, is Nintendo utilizing acceptable advertising blend systems? The deals of Nintendo continue expanding and last deals not huge. The stages is growh-early development. In the event that an item is acknowledged by the commercial center, it enters the development phase of the item life cycle. The development stage is portrayed by expanding deals, more contenders, and higher benefits. Tragically for the firm, the development stage pulls in contenders who enter the market rapidly. For instance, when Diet Coke experienced extraordinary achievement, Pepsi before long entered with Diet Pepsi. You’ll notice that both Coca-Cola and Pep si have comparative serious contributions in the refreshment business, including their own brands of filtered water, squeeze, and sports drinks. As extra customers purchase the item, makers must guarantee that the item stays accessible to clients or risk them purchasing competitors’ contributions. For instance, the makers of computer game frameworks, for example, Nintendo’s Wii couldn't stay aware of buyer request when the item was first propelled. Subsequently, a few customers bought contending game frameworks, for example, Microsoft’s Xbox. An organization some of the time expands its special spending on an item during its development stage. In any case, rather than urging buyers to attempt the item, the advancements regularly center around the particular advantages the item offers and its worth comparative with serious contributions. At the end of the day, in spite of the fact that the organization should at present advise and instruct clients, it should counter the opposition. Accentuating the upsides of the product’s brand name can enable an organization to keep up its deals even with rivalry. Albeit various associations produce PCs, an exceptionally perceived brand, for example, IBM reinforces a firm’s advantage when contenders enter the market. New contributions that use the equivalent effective brand name as a company’s previously existing contributions, which is the thing that Black Decker does with a portion of its items, can give an organization an upper hand. Organizations regularly start to make a benefit during the development stage since more units are being sold and more income is produced. The quantity of circulation outlets (stores and vendors) used to sell the item can likewise increment during the development stage as an organization attempts to reach however much of the commercial center as could be expected. Extending a product’s dissemination and expanding its creation to guarantee its accessibility at various outlets as a rule brings about a product’s costs staying high during the development stage. The cost of the item itself regularly stays at about a similar level during the development stage, albeit a few organizations decrease their costs somewhat to draw in extra purchasers and meet the competitors’ costs. Organizations trust by expanding their business, they likewise improve their benefits. The Maturity Stage After numerous contenders enter the market and the quantity of potential new clients decreases, the deals of an item normally start to level off. This shows an item has entered the development phase of its life cycle. Most shopper items are in the experienced phase of their life cycle; their purchasers are rehash buyers versus new clients. Exceptional rivalry makes benefits fall until just the most grounded players remain. The development stage keeps going longer than different stages. Quaker Oats and Ivory Soap are items in the development stageâ€they have been available for more than one hundred years. Given the serious condition in the development stage, numerous items are elevated intensely to customers by more grounded contenders. The methodologies used to advance the items regularly center around worth and advantages that give the contribution an upper hand. The advancements focused on a company’s wholesalers may likewise increment during the develop stage. Organizati ons may diminish the cost of develop items to counter the opposition. Be that as it may, they should be mindful so as not to get into â€Å"price wars† with their rivals and devastate all the benefit capability of their business sectors, undermining a firm’s endurance. Intel and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) have occupied with a few value wars concerning their chip. Moreover, Samsung included highlights and brought down the cost on its Instinct cell phone, participating in a value war with Apple’s iPhone. With the debilitated economy, numerous online retailers occupied with value wars during the 2008 Christmas season by cutting costs on their items and transportation costs. Albeit enormous associations, for example, Amazon.com can ingest transporting costs, value wars frequently hurt littler retailers. Numerous retailers gained from their slip-ups and requested less stock for the 2009 Christmas season. Organizations are tested to create methodologies to expand the development phase of their items so they stay serious. Numerous organizations do as such by adjusting their objective markets, their contributions, or their showcasing methodologies. Next, we take a gander at every one of these procedures. Altering the objective market enables an organization to pull in various clients by looking for new clients, following distinctive market fra gments, or finding new uses for an item so as to draw in extra clients. Budgetary foundations and car vendors understood that ladies have expanded purchasing force and now market to them. With the development in the quantity of online customers, more associations sell their items and servi

Capital Budgeting Essay

This paper will give a correlation between the different favored capital planning assessment procedures in the corporate business setting. There will be a suggestion given for the Guillermo Furniture Company dependent on the aftereffects of at least one assessment strategies, which thusly will help direct the money related strength of the association. Enterprises are ceaselessly endeavoring to improve the money related soundness of its association and one key way numerous partnerships are doing that is through capital planning. Capital planning includes decisions. The decisions rotate around ventures that will increase the value of the association. The undertakings can incorporate gaining land, buying a truck, or supplanting old gear. Ordinarily, enterprises are urged to attempt extends that will build its benefit. The test is to locate the fitting assessment technique to bring the planned gainfulness into the real world. The three favored assessment strategies that numerous enterprises use are net present worth, inner pace of return, and restitution period. Numerous organizations regularly ascertain capital planning arrangements utilizing every one of the three strategies. Be that as it may, every strategy regularly creates opposing outcomes. The net present worth strategy is the most exact valuation way to deal with capital planning issues (smallbusiness). On the off chance that an organization can limit the after assessment income by the weighted normal expense of capital, administrators can decide whether the undertaking will be beneficial or not. The net present worth technique uncovers precisely how beneficial a task will be to the company versus the elective strategies (Chen, 2012). With the different assessment techniques, enterprises can base the choices for the future on the consequences of the assessment. The net present worth technique takes the time estimation of cash by limiting an investment’s future come back to a current worth (Chen, 2012). The idea behind the time estimation of cash idea is that a dollar close by today is worth more than a similar dollar later on. In capital planning choices, the net present worth rebate is mulled over when the current estimation of things to come return is contrasted and the current estimation of the money outpourings on any speculation (Mason, 2011). On the off chance that an organization, for example, Guillermo Furniture, is thinking about utilizing the net present worth technique, the arrival on the venture would show plainly whether it is more than adequate to build the monetary wellbeing of the partnership or not. Another favored assessment technique is the interior pace of return. The interior pace of return is a markdown rate that outcomes from a net present worth equivalent to zero (Mason, 2011). At the point when the inner pace of return is higher than the weighted normal expense of capital, it would be viewed as a beneficial undertaking and accordingly ought to be sought after (Steven, 2010). A significant favorable position of the interior pace of return technique is that it gives a benchmark to each extend (Steven, 2010). This can permit an enterprise to look at ventures based on the arrival on contributed capital. For instance, if Guillermo Furniture’s interior pace of return results higher than the expense of capital, it would be resolved that the task is satisfactory, and the organization should push ahead on the undertaking. In any case, if the outcomes are not exactly the expense of capital, the partnership should prematurely end the venture as it would hurt the money related wellbeing of the organization. The last favored assessment technique utilized by organizations is the recompense time frame strategy. The compensation time frame technique uncovers the measure of time it would take to recoup the underlying venture on a specific undertaking (smallbusiness). Despite the fact that this strategy is viewed as liked, it can bring about dissatisfaction for some companies who esteem the outcomes (Steven, 2010). The primary explanation is the outcomes don't factor in the income completely from a specific venture, which can slant the general aftereffect of the arrival on the potential speculation (Steven, 2010). At the point when an organization examines this technique, it is resolved that it brings about a make back the initial investment measure and just estimates the financial existence of the specific speculation spinning around the restitution time frame (Steven, 2010). This strategy is utilized for the most part as a near measure for the net present worth and the interior pace of return giving a time span of recuperating the underlying speculation. In the wake of thinking about the three favored assessment techniques, it was resolved that the net present worth strategy would be the technique for decision for the Guillermo Furniture situation for two or three reasons. In the first place, the organization can't depend exclusively on the restitution strategy since it doesn't consider the whole income for the task. In the wake of ascertaining how much time it would take to recoup the underlying speculation, it was discovered that it would take over 50 years, which is unreasonable for capital planning purposes. The center moved to the second favored strategy for inward pace of return. The inward pace of return demonstrated that the arrival on the venture would just yield 10%. The figuring depended on taking the all out speculation of $1,354,141. 21 and isolating it on the quantity of years the benefit was relied upon to proceed, which totaled $133,742. 20. The normal pace of return for the venture must be at any rate 12% for the task to be satisfactory. In light of the net present worth counts and taking the necessary pace of return of 12%, the quantity of years the benefit is required to proceed, which is 5, and the future yearly incomes measure of $26,748. 4, the current estimation of future incomes approached $96,422. 14. The net present worth is estimated by taking the venture surge ($96,422. 14) less the current estimation of future incomes ($1,354,141. 21), which rises to $1,257,719. 07. By isolating this sum by the speculation outpouring, the pace of rate of profitability yields 13%. Accordingly, it would be suggested that Guillermo Furniture utilize the ne t present worth strategy for this venture as it would improve the money related strength of the company.

In-band or out-of-band SAN appliances Essay Example for Free

In-band or out-of-band SAN apparatuses Essay Out-of band SAN machines take into account autonomous progression of information among servers and stockpiles since it doesn't work inside the information way (InfoWorld, 2001). What's more, execution of the board capacities by these apparatuses is free of utilization servers, a factor which directs for having host drives. This has the suggestion that the situating of an out-band SAN apparatus groups execution worries in the framework (InfoWorld, 2001). Another ramifications is that expansion in the quantity of server in such a framework confounds organization issues. In any case, out-of band SAN machines have its meta-information and control activities separate from the information way. This combined with the requirement for having a driver at each host liberates the host to connect just in moving information to and from the capacity. By the by, this design has the upside of reserving because of the solicitation time postpones engaged with connecting information way data and the machine for handling. Then again, in-band SAN machines utilize a solitary gadget for executing all the fundamental stockpiling the executives capacities to be specific; information way, control activities, and meta-information the board (Kornfeld, 2001). This has the suggestion that no extra driver programming is required in the host. Additionally, this improves versatility of the SAN framework. In any case, this constrains the use of in-band SAN apparatuses in an occupied SAN since both meta-information and control tasks share similar information way. Regardless of this, in-band SAN machines appreciate the benefit of taking into account storing and bunching (InfoWorld, 2001). Likewise, being a solitary gadget, in-band SAN machines brag of minimal effort of usage and simplicity of organization (Kornfeld, 2001). Accordingly, both in-band and out-of-band SAN machines have focal points just as inconveniences. Contemplations before decision of a SAN apparatus should in this way be founded on the requirements in the specific association.

What You Dont Know About 6th Grade Geography Essay Samples

What You Don't Know About 6th Grade Geography Essay Samples How to Choose 6th Grade Geography Essay Samples Students will go over the 7 principals of Kwanzaa and draw pictures of an illustration of each. They will research and write a persuasive essay about the effects of plastic in every day use. They will discuss the cultural roots of Kwanzaa and analyze why the holiday has been brought to the United States. In the end, the students are going to learn about ancient Rome. What Is So Fascinating About 6th Grade Geography Essay Samples? For convenience, nearly all of these resources are simple to access and user-friendly. This provides a way for governments to safeguard their interests and understand how to reply to external forces. For instance, you may wish to check at topics regarding oceanography, and how currents and waves impact upon the geography of the planet or local locations. Another part of movement is the transport of products from one area on the Earth to ano ther. This movement is an integral component of a connected world. Therefore, the theme of movement becomes a valuable part of geographical studies. Thus, it forms an integral part of geographical studies. Facts, Fiction and 6th Grade Geography Essay Samples When you do, they ought to make a decision as to what sort of writing it is, race to the right position, and wait. U.S. sports teams are all around the map. Students will perform a game in which they choose cards and select the best location to place the number they've chosen in order to acquire the maximum answer possible. Have they choose a favorite book and make a map of its main setting. This shouldn't be the very first introduction to the topic. When you surf our site for recommendations that may help you write your own essay, you will come across many helpful tips. Writing an outline is a rather effective method to think through how you'll organize and present the info in your essay. Never get stuck again in the bottomless hole that's the format for an ideal essay. In addition, there are two kinds of places. To begin with, there are various things that are alike between both of these places. To begin with, I'll chat about all the things which are the exact same and then I'll speak about the things that are different between both of these places. These 5 places are simple to remember. How to Get Started with 6th Grade Geography Essay Samples? Place refers to the bodily and human facets of a location. Maps are the best method to demonstrate location. What Is So Fascinating About 6th Grade Geography Essay Samples? Furthermore, for additional inspiration in regards to thinking of ideas in the very first location, you might discover that it's useful to examine the list of titles below. The debut of each written work ought to have a very clear thesis statement or argument. There are things which are the very same and several other things which are really different. Fold all topi c cards and place in a massive bowl or hat. Students are anticipated to react to the questions using complete sentences. They will research and debate multiple topics in the topic of environmental health. They will receive a blank piece of white paper. In 10th grade, they should be able to write and complete written compositions on a regular basis. The vocabulary lists may give students a fundamental comprehension of crucial social studies terms. There are various formats for bibliographies, so make sure to use the one your teacher prefers. Do a fast comprehension check. With fun ideas on the best way to engage the little ones and provide them time to practice many concepts, a superb geography lesson program will also assist teachers gauge how well kids have understood a specific topic and where their difficulties lie. Also, lots of people listen to the radio for fun and data. In conclusion, at the present moment school is a significant stage of my life. All places have features that provide them personality and distinguish them from different places. New Questions About 6th Grade Geography Essay Samples Instructional Unit Samples are at present readily available for select overviews. Geography is the study of the planet, but it is a substantial subject composed of many smaller topics. Since it is such a large subject , with so many topics, it makes sense to split it into key themes. Physical geography covers a wide selection of distinct subcategories. By hiring us, you're ensuring your essays will be produced of only the maximum quality and your grades are not going to suffer as a result of procrastination or the loss of desire to write about the provided topics. The very first type is Human characteristics. In reality, hiring us will supply you with the much-needed insight on how grade 12 essays ought to be formulated and what type of topics are usually considered. Because of this, there'll be more writing assignments and a closer attention to the caliber of the writing.

Minimum Wage And Labor Unions - 1841 Words

Abstract Minimum wage often hurts people it is intended to protect from the increase. There are many research papers that will show exactly how the minimum wage affects both the employer and the employee. The employer then has to take action when there is legislation that passes a higher minimum wage rate. I am against minimum wage for many reasons that I will explain in my essay. Labor unions can be viewed as unjust and immoral because of the actions they choose to take against their employers and employees. Labor unions seem to help their employees on the outside but in the long run, end up preventing them from doing things individually. There are many other industries that have high paying wages without being in a union. I am†¦show more content†¦They do not have the experience or education to start off at a higher wage so most employers will not give them a chance. The employer wants to pay a worker for what they believe is what they deserve. Normally, a person has to work and get experience to become more productive. A more productive worker will then get raises and make what they are worth. People need to work so they can survive and if they are less educated and less skilled they will be willing to work for whatever they can get. According to Paul McCormick and Walter Brock, â€Å"An adverse effect of the minimum wage which is especia lly harmful to teenagers in the fact that the minimum wage eliminates the chance of teenagers taking certain low-wage jobs, gaining experience and eventually obtaining better careers in the future† (McComick, Brock, 2000). The poor are also affected by the higher minimum wage. When the minimum wage is increased many low-skilled workers will lose their jobs causing them to become unemployed. Because the minimum wage is raised the price on products will go up causing another hardship on the poor. The businesses will find a way to pay the higher wages to workers so they will have to raise the price of their products and services. â€Å"A 1997 National Bureau of Economic Research study estimated that the federal minimum-wage hike of 1996 and 1997 actually increased the number of poor families by 4.5 percent†Show MoreRelatedMinimum Wage Laws And Labor Unions905 Words   |  4 PagesFair Labor Standards Act was created to establish a minimum federal wage to serve as a standard wage to reduce poverty and to secure economic growth is shared across the workforce. Today minimum wage is far below its historical levels and loses its value every year due to inflation. The minimum wage workforces are l iving close to poverty levels, and insist on the government raising the minimum wage. Sometimes the fight to raise the pay for workers goes unnoticed or unheard, so a labor union is formedRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pages Minimum wage requires paying every employee a specific wage regardless of the employee productivity. It is the responsibility of the government to set the minimum wage. To understand this, a biology analogy can be used: some animals are stronger compared to others. In economic perspective, some people are relatively unable to deliver compared to others. Among them include, disabled, unskilled, and the youth. Due to their low productivity, they are entitled lower wages corresponding to their effortsRead MoreMinimum Wage : Low Skilled And Young Workers1553 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Minimum wage, a program created to help the poor, has every contrary effect to its well intentions. Throughout the history, people who hurt the most during minimum wage hikes are the low-skilled and young workers. Drastically raising minimum wage is meaningless as high inflation usually comes alongside with wage increases. Past economic statistics have shown that the rate of increase in inflation usually outpaced the rate of increase in minimum wage. Thus, the real value wage workers receiveRead MoreThe Laws Of The United States1631 Words   |  7 Pagesthose that do, significant effects have been witnessed. Right-to-work legislation allows workers to collect the benefits of any union agreements within their company, but can choose to forego paying fees. Also, the employees in the states with right-to work provisions can join labor unions if they wish to do so without being forced by their employers to join a union as a requirement for employment. This paper will attempt to detail the history of right-to-work laws, explain current issues, forecastRead MoreUnion Dues And Initiation Fee1406 Words   |  6 Pages Unions had a place in the business environment at one point in this nation’s history. Unions helped get workers medical insurance, increased wages, and many other benefits. So what place do unions have in our current business economy? According to Larry Keller, â€Å"Union dues and initiation fees. Dues can range from $200 to several hundred dollars per year, partially offsetting higher wages.† This carries an extra burden for the American worker. Even though the unions push for higher wages, the frontRead MoreState and Federal Systems of Government Essay1705 Words   |  7 PagesState and Federal Systems of Government MGT434 May 29, 2006 State and Federal Systems of Government Labor and employment laws define US workers rights and protect s employees from employers retaliation for exercising our rights under the laws or reporting violations to the proper authorities. As Bennett and Hartman explain, these laws Â…seek to make the power relationship between employer and employee one that is fair and equitable (Employment Law for Business, pg. 88). Employers haveRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1639 Words   |  7 PagesMinimum wage is one of the many microeconomic policies that serve to correct imbalance in the economy. It is defined as the lowest amount of remuneration required of an employer to pay his employees during a given period of work. There exist different laws in different states that can fix the minimum wage policy. A current economic issue is minimum wage, or specifically, its pertinence to social inequality. Many sectors of society would be affected by changes in this policy. Minimum wage relies onRead MoreHistory of the Flsa Essay982 Word s   |  4 PagesHistory of the Fair Labor Standards Act Abstract After the great depression, unions were legalized in order to be the voice for the workers for whom they represented to their employers. Once this legalization became evident through federal statute, set the stage for what was to become the Fair Labor Standards Act. Having just survived a depression, the United States was hoping to avoid any future economic downturns, the government would accomplish this with paying higher wages that the employerRead MoreThe Role Of Unions And Their Importance Has Changed Over The Years1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of unions and their importance has changed over the years. A mixture of poor wages, high unemployment, non-existent benefits and insignificant professional stability amongst the more youthful era makes a ready demographic for restoration. The younger era is the slightest unionized section of our general public today by a long shot. Unions are important in today’s society because checks and balances are necessary entities in business and government, so if CEOs are just focusing on themselvesRead MoreThe Impact Of National Relations Labor Act ( Nlra ) And The Fair Labor Standards Act1181 Words   |  5 PagesLabor Legislation in the 20th Century Much of what we know about the improvements in the workforce came from 20th century advancements with the workforce that we know today. Important developments came in the form of methodology and data collection efforts. The 20th century was a remarkable period for the American workers. Despite the initial stages of labor management, working conditions, wages and benefits improved over the last century with the workforce increasing six fold over the

For This Lesson The Main Concept I Am Trying To Teach Is

For this lesson the main concept I am trying to teach is the concept of monopolistic competition and the effects it can have on consumers. I decided to do this by focusing on the idea of monopolies in the U.S. Healthcare Insurance industry. My goal is to use maps that demonstrate how states with only a few insurance providers have higher premiums as a result from the lack of competition. When I was researching maps I was looking for maps that had a significant amount of data, yet were simple and easy for my students’ to develop understanding of the concept of monopolies. Ultimately by having my students explore and analyze these two different maps, they will become familiar with the concept of monopolies. This lesson has been designed to†¦show more content†¦The map has 3 different color shades that represents the amount of providers in the state. This map will be used for students to take note of trends of health care providers in various different regions in the U.S. I have developed the following guiding questions: What does this map depict? What is the story this map is trying to tell? What impact do you think the amount of healthcare insurance providers in a region will have on consumers? I.e. What will happen to the cost of premiums? Students will pick one state for each shaded color to continue analyzing on the next map. The goal of these questions/prompts is to have students predict the what the price of premiums will be before looking at the second map. The Second map focuses on the average health premium by state in 2015. Students will use this map to compare and contrast the data they were able to find in the first map. My goal is to have my students’ notice that that premiums are significantly higher in areas where there is a lack of competition, and that areas with more than one provider tend to have lower premium costs. When analyzing this map students will also be provided guiding questions:What does this map depict? What story is this map trying to tell? What were the prices for premiums in each state you chose based off of the last map? What effect does the amount of insurance providers in a region have on healthcare premiums? WhyShow MoreRelatedEffective Teaching And Learning Encompasses Three Main Components764 Words   |  4 Pages I believe effective teaching and learning encompasses three main components. The first is for a student to feel they are in a safe environment; physically safe from bullying or injury as well as the safety to make a mistake or to be wrong sometimes. The second is that the instructor should approach each lesson with the conviction that every child can and will learn. Finally, the third is for the instructor to assess the mastery level of the students on any given skill, meet them where they are,Read MoreThe Ethics Of Reading By Jane Gallop Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesMy initial response when I encountered â€Å"The Ethics of Reading†, by Jane Gallop, was that it was just going to be similar to one of the thousands of articles written by some professor that we have never heard of. However, after the first few sentences, I found myself engaged with the text that was at hand. It was clear to see that Gallops was trying to show the world her strategic way of educating, which ju st so happened to be a little unethical. As a teacher, she wanted to change the way you perceiveRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1353 Words   |  6 Pagesshould be changing over time to mesh with teaching strategies that are used in the classroom today. With this being said, it is important for teachers to be aware of the historical, social and political foundations of education. Since education has changed drastically over time, there are a lot more restrictions and teachers need to be sure and pay attention to understand today’s education system. I personally believe that children are also impacted by these changes and it too affects their feelingsRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesAs I have mentioned before, I grew up and attended school under Scholar Academic philosophy, but my experience in high school was a mixing bowl of various ideologies and philosophies, as our school kept exploring options on how to improve academics and student enrollment. The changes I experienced in high school sparked my curiosity for an education career. I attended Sacramento High School. 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This was what weRead MoreLearning Theories That Can Be Understood And Enforced By Administrators1676 Words   |  7 Pagespresented throughout a period of time. When thinking of learning, change is a main concept that should be understood and enforced by administrators. Teachers know what works for them and what works for their students. The education 500 class has taught students that understanding their own styles of learning can help better instruct those around them. One can never stop advancing their knowledge and expanding their research. One main thing for teachers to do is to keep up with current issues and eventsRead MoreTeaching Is Not Just About Spreading Knowledge Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pages When I think of effective teaching, the word ‘knowledge’, ‘teaching strategies’, ‘communication’, and ‘assessment’ just spring to my mind. Steele (2011, as cited in Marsh, Clarke Pittaway, 2014) suggested that an e ffective teacher has a broad and deep understanding of the subject area being taught. This refers to teachers’ mastery of the content knowledge of a specific subject. Ormrod (2014) maintained that teachers make careful decisions on choosing appropriate teaching strategies on each lessonRead MoreThroughout My Lesson, I Tried To Use Math Vocabulary That1161 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout my lesson, I tried to use math vocabulary that would expand the students understanding. The use of math vocabulary can be defined as academic content language because it advancing the students understanding. In part 1 of my lesson at 3:08 into the video, I ask the students â€Å"does anyone have a strategy that could help us or that they want to see?†. This allows for me to the use the word strategy which is an example of academic content language. A second example of academic content language

Ethical Dilemma in Business Organizations

Question: Discuss about theEthical Dilemma in Business Organizations. Answer: Introduction In the present business scenario, it is a common perception that competition is good for consumers and society as it keeps a fair check on the business organizations. However, there is a dark side associated with the competition as it encourages unethical practices to achieve the organization goals. In spite the fact that business leaders or managers want to conduct their business ethically, many times; the business leaders have immense pressure to achieve the regular targets which leads to negligence of the ethics. Although the managers are aware of the unethical business practices, the high competition in the business changes their response to ethical transgression. The managers with high experience in the industry are more likely to neglect the moral aspects of their actions and are more driven by practical and financial benefits. Also, the managers in more competitive environment base their decisions on the financial profitability and overlook the immorality of actions. These bus iness organizations overlook the unethical issues if it is profitable to the organization and disdain it, if it poses negative impact on the organization. The response of the managers in less competitive environment is driven by the unethicality of the actions and less by profitability (O'Sullivan, Smith Esposito, 2012). Several times the unethical behavior yields competitive advantages; however, in the long run it results in condemnation and impacts negatively on the organization (Fryer, 2014). It can be observed from the case of Volkswagen wherein the company lost 25% of its market share due to diesel dupe scandal. In September 2015, EPA (Environmental Protection Authority) found that the cars sold in in the United States of America are equipped with defeat device through which the diesel cars of the company can detect when they are checked for emission performance and improve results. It can be scrutinized that the company tried to fool the customers and the government from the low emission results. Previously, the company implemented huge marketing campaign regarding the low emission diesel cars and environment-friendly cars (Hotten, 2015). Volkswagen was founded in Germany in 1937. Over the years, Volkswagen has become one of the largest auto makers in the country. However, due to the immense competition in the automotive industry, the market share of the company started declining from 2010 onwards. Despite being a prominent auto maker in European market, the company was struggling to capture market in the US. It launched new models such as Jetta Passat and Sedan to increase the market share; however, the response of consumers was not as per the expectations of the company (Boston and Boudette, 2014). Due to this, the company must be in pressure to increase its sales and implemented drastic measures. The present ethical issue of the company can be examined from different ethical frameworks and business ethics theories. The ethical theories are developed to distinguish the right behavior from the wrong behavior. They are applied ethics which examine the ethical issues or dilemmas in the business environment. The business ethics refers to the standards or the values that govern the behavior of the business organizations. In order to act in the ethical manner, a business organization has to distinguish between right and wrong and adopt the right choice. The ethical principles for businesses are same to that of an individual. Although are no specific set of rules to determine the ethical practices, various theories have emerged to determine the morality of an action. Therefore, a company should judge all its actions on ethical grounds before implementing those actions (Brenkert Beauchamp, 2010). The utilitarianism is the best known ethics theory. In this theory, the fundamental is to judge the actions according to their consequences. The utilitarian theory states that the primary aim of morality is to enhance the living standard of the people and increase the happiness of maximum people. The utilitarian theory discards the moral codes and systems based on the customs and traditions. This theory was formulated by Jeremy Bentham in the eighteenth century and posits that while taking an action, a person should look beyond the self-interest and considers the impact on the entire population affected by the decision. It is also called rule-based theory and focuses on the consequences of an action rather than the action itself. In this theory, all the affected parties are considered as the stakeholders of the action. The utilitarian theorists acknowledge that there exists trade-off in several actions and states that if an action is having better outcomes for most of the people, it should be implemented. The theory states that the decision-maker should focus on maximizing the benefits and minimize the harm to the society (Weiss, 2008). When the utilitarianism consequential theory is used, the decisions of a business organization are dependent upon what actions will increase the benefits for the maximum people. It postulates that the end results of the action justify the means to achieve them. When the present action is scrutinized by the utilitarian theory, it cannot be justified. The company tried to deceive the consumers and the stakeholders by suggesting that the manufactured cars have low emission rate. Although the action has a positive impact on the shareholders and the investors of the company, the impact on the mass public was negative. The marketing of the environmental-friendly cars boosted up the sales and image of the organization. While taking a social perspective, introducing cars with higher emission rates will play with the health of the public and increase the chances of respiratory diseases among the people. This decision not only has negative impact but a huge negative impact on the community. Therefore, the decision backfired on the company and it received condemnation from the environmental organizations from all across the globe. Moreover, since the cars were emitting carbon dioxide more than the permissible rate in the United States, they were negat ively impacting on the health of the citizens and the friends or the families of the car owners. It can be deduced that the present action of Volkswagen has overall negative consequences on the citizens of the US. Therefore, this action is morally unjustified according to the utilitarian theory. As the utilitarian theory posits that the primary aim of morality is to increase the happiness and contentment of the life for most of the people (Machan Chesher, 2002). The present action of Volkswagen has no positive implication on the living of the people; albeit, it increases pollution and the chances of several medical issues. Another moral theory that can be used to judge the actions of the automobile company is deontological ethical theory. This ethical theory is based on the normative ethical position and judges the morality of an action based on the pre-determined rules. The deontology theory is the ethical theory based on the obligation and the moral duty of a person. It states that the moral judgment of an action should be based upon complying with these laws or the moral codes. The deontology theory states that in order to act in a morally justified manner a person must abide by the rules. This theory denotes the relationship between duty and morality. According to this theory, the ethics of an action is determined by the characteristics of the action rather than the consequences of the action itself. The deontological ethics state that some actions must be performed as a moral duty and regardless of their impact on the human welfare. The deontological ethics are considered as a formal ethical syste m. According to this system, the conformity of an action should be dependent upon some rule of law. The deontological philosophy was given by Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher in the eighteenth century (Trevino Nelson, 2010). The theory postulates that no action is good, if it does not have a good will and the good will arises from the respect towards the law and regulations. The deontological ethical system states that every human being is valuable. Therefore, every human should be respected equally and provide basic human rights. This theory thrusts respect and interest of every person in spite of the fact that the interest of that person is in odd with the interest with the entire group. However, there are several negative aspects of this theory such as it is hard to settle conflicting interest between different parties and it is absolutist (Trevino Nelson, 2010). According to this theory, the action taken by Volkswagen was morally wrong. According to the government policies, the automobile companies cannot manufacture cars and other vehicles above a specific permissible level. In the present context, the company did not abide by the environmental laws of the country. Moreover, the government also makes policies to create transparency and; therefore, business organizations must disclose all the parts and the products used in the manufacturing. However, the company did not abide by these terms and tried to deceive its customers. Therefore, the present action can be categorized as morally wrong from the deontological theory (McDonald, 2014). It can be discussed that the morally unjustifiable decisions backfire on the organization and they have to deal with the later consequences. In the case of Volkswagen, the company lost substantial market share all across the globe and several international organizations came together to criticize it. The company also lost the trust of the consumers which was attained over the years. Therefore, it is important to develop ethical leadership within the organization. The ethical leadership is defined as representing ethically appropriate conduct in the business environment and promoting such conduct among the business organizations through reinforcement and demonstration. The ethical leadership promotes ethically sound practices in the business organization and increase the effectiveness of the organization. The personal trait such as integrity is also associated with the ethical leadership and ethical characteristics such as such as honesty and trustworthiness are also associated with t he effectiveness of the leadership. The ethical leadership is important for the business organization due to its implication in productivity and image building. The ethical leaders are attractive and provide a normative model to inculcate ethical principles in the organization. The ethical leaders create an organization culture wherein the employees are made accountable for their actions. Therefore, they foster an ethical system within the organization. The ethical leaders influence the ethical conduct of the employees. Even when the leader is not physically present, he can influence ethical qualities in the decisions of the follower and provide ethical guidance to the employees. The ethical leaders set ethical standards within the organization and communicate them to the followers. The ethical leaders taken into consideration the needs and the requirements of the stakeholders and base their decision on them. Through social learning, the ethical leaders enhance the social behavior o f the employees. The ethical leaders develop relationships with their employees through social exchange rather than economic exchange. The employees take their ethical leader as a model and behave ethically (Mihelic, Lipicnik and Tekavcic, 2010). When the ethical principles are embedded in the organization, they change the traditional outlook of the organization. The ethical organization encompasses several factors such as CSR, triple bottom line, ethical management, fair trade, globalization, sustainability and cooperatives. Furthermore, there are also several long-term negative impacts of unethical leadership on a business organization. The primary issue with the unethical practices is untrustworthiness of the organization. It can be observed from the case of Enron, which was the most innovative and seventh largest business organization in the United States. However, by adopting unethical practices it lost the trust of the consumers and eventually collapsed. In the social context, the unethical leadership is increasing white collar crime and business malpractices in the business organization (Brown, Trevino, Harrison, 2005). The ethical leadership encompasses morality, character, vision and judgment of the leader. It is the ability of the leaders to perceive what is considered by the community as wrong or right action. It is the responsibility of the leader to take actions which are not offensive towards the law, religion or the culture of the local community. The ethical leaders should be capable of identifying the vision or the mission of the company, ethical or cultural sensitivity of the situation, should have intrinsic motivation for ethical decisions and review the decisions made (Brown Trevino, 2006). The ethical leadership is a characteristic of the leaders. Leadership can be defined as a relation between the leader and the followers wherein the leader convinces the followers to perform certain actions or achieve certain goals. The leaders exert their positional power and charisma to engage employees and lead them. In the ethical leadership the leaders directs how the employees must behave in the organization. The ethical leaders direct the employees and the organization to fulfill the mission and the goals of the organization. The ethical leadership is a construct that encourages the employees to take the right decisions rather than preventing them to take unethical decisions. With the ethical leadership, the leader embeds ethical practices in the organization which are adopted by the followers through social exchange theory. By being ethical, the leader considers the justification, fairness and welfare of all the stakeholders and the community as a whole. The ethical judgment o r decision-making is influenced by the upbringing and the surroundings. Even if a person has grown with a strong sense of ethics, the surroundings or the bad behavior of the people can reduce the ethical sense of the person. Moreover, the leaders practicing the business ethics considers the long-term consequences, drawback and the profitability of their own decisions (Fitch, 2009). The ethical leaders work as a role model for the followers and determine the ethical boundaries and regulations which are needed to be followed in the business organization. The new employees in the organization learn about the values and culture of the organization from other employees. Moreover, when the leader start realizing the ethical values into actions he gathers more trust and respect from the followers. When the leaders demonstrate that they can sacrifice the profitability of the organization to act according to their values, the followers demonstrate the same behavior. If managers and the business leaders follow ethical behavior, they become more considerate of the followers needs and reducing conflicts. Moreover, they become morally obligated to the followers and the stakeholders of the company and make efforts for the welfare and fulfillment (Fitch, 2009). The ethical leaders creates an organization culture which increases he perceived effectiveness of the leader, increases the productivity and he efficiency of the employees and increases the respect and the trust of the followers toward the leader. The ethical leadership is a process rather than one time act and requires a timeline to acknowledge the followers and wider community the culture of the organization. The leaders must be able to communicate the ethical standards to the followers and demonstrate the behavior by practicing them in the organization (Brown Trevino, 2006). There are a number of personal traits such as integrity, trustworthiness and honesty which are associated with the ethical leadership. Along with it, the ethical leaders are considered as just and fair decision-makers who care about the community and the employees. Another important dimension of the ethical management is morality management. The ethical leaders makes ethics and morality an explicit agenda of their leadership style and send messages of moral behavior by either demonstrating it themselves or enforcing it by creating a reward system. In this system, the followers are held accountable for their actions and the organization is recognized as an ethical organization. It can be deduced that the ethics is the heart of leadership. A leader has the power which can be used for the welfare of the society or otherwise. An ethical leader is focused on the development and the welfare of the society. The decision-making of the leaders is focused on achieving goals with all the rational measures. In essence, all the available information is collected and processed for the sound judgment. In the ethical decision-making, judgment is the essential component. The judgment of a person is dependent upon discretion, choice, intelligence and values. If the ethics are embedded in the central values and the mission of an organization, the employees give ethics high priority before taking any decision. The adoption of the ethical behavior initiates with the analysis of ethics and the ethical decision making. The leaders must be aware of the values, morals, integrity and the ethical decision making. The primary characteristics of the ethical leadership are trustworthin ess, respect, responsibility and the fairness. The ethical dilemma occurs when the values of the leader or the organization are in conflict with the practical interest of the organization and the leader ha to choose between them (Mihelic, Lipicnik and Tekavcic, 2010). Conclusion It can be concluded that the ethical leadership is a significant aspect in the present business world. In the recent years, unethical conduct by several business organizations has impacted them in a drastic manner. In the present essay, the unethical conduct of Volkswagen has been discussed wherein the company deceived its major stakeholders and the customers by implementing a deceiving device in its automobile cars. The company was in ethical dilemma due to increased pressure of diminishing market share in the US markets. This action of the company invited criticism from the environmental organizations, reduced the market share and resulted in the loss of trust of the customers. Therefore, practice of ethical leadership is critical in the business organization. A business firm can establish ethical leadership by appointing leaders who have a strong ethical background and are intrinsically motivated for ethical behavior. Moreover, the ethical leaders should foster ethical behavior in the organization by establishing norms and regulations in the organization. The employees should be held responsible for their unethical actions. Moreover, reinforcement can be in the form of rewards and punishments so that the employees realize the importance of practicing ethical behavior. The leader can also encourage ethical behavior by modeling it by practicing himself. The demonstration of the ethical behavior will result in the ethical organization culture. References Boston, W. and Boudette, N.E. (2014). VW Labor Rep Blasts Car Maker's U.S. Strategy. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303947904579336443225906138 Brenkert, G.G., Beauchamp, T.L. (2010). The Oxford Handbook of Business Ethics Oxford Handbooks in Philosophy. OUP USA. Brown, M.E., Trevino, L.K. (2006). Ethical leadership: A review and future directions. The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 695-616. Brown, M.E., Trevino, L.K., Harrison, D.A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97, 117-134. Fitch, W. (2009). A Study of Relationships Between Ethical Decision Making, Leadership Styles, and Demographics in Pennsylvania Superintendents. Theses and Dissertations. Paper 868. Fryer, M. (2014). Ethics Theory and Business Practice. London: SAGE. Hotten, R. (2015). Volkswagen: The scandal explained. BBC News. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-34324772 Machan, T.R., Chesher, J. (2002). A Primer on Business Ethics. London: Rowman Littlefield. McDonald, G. (2014). Business Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mihelic, K.K., Lipicnik, B., Tekavcic, M. (2010). Ethical Leadership. International Journal of Management Information Systems, 14(5), 31-43. Nikoi, A.A.A. (2008). Ethical Leadership and Business Decision Making in Contemporary Times. International Journal of Business and Management, 3(10), 183-194. O'Sullivan, P., Smith, M., Esposito, M. (2012). Business Ethics: A Critical Approach: Integrating Ethics Across the Business World. London: Routledge. Trevino, L.K., Nelson, K.A. (2010). Managing Business Ethics. London: John Wiley Sons. Trevino, L.K., Nelson, K.A. (2010). Managing Business Ethics. London: John Wiley Sons. Weiss, J. (2008). Business Ethics: A Stakeholder and Issues Management Approach. Boston: Cengage Learning.

Introduction to Different Types of Mental Training free essay sample

Task: B1 Introduction to Different Types of Mental Training An athlete qualifying for an Olympic Final competes against athletes who are fit, strong, flexible, powerful and skilful. All the competitors have devoted time and energy to becoming top-class athletes. However, there is only one champion and two medal winners. Often the difference between a medal and eighth place is a fraction of a second or a few centimetres. Interviews with athletes who succeed at this highest level often focus on which aspect of their preparation made them different from everyone else.Nine times out of ten these great athletes refer to a mental edge or psychological toughness. An athlete who wants to compete against other talented athletes needs to think carefully about mental preparation. It is not enough for them to expect to win simply because they have coved more mileage then the next athlete, or because they have lifted heavier weights. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Different Types of Mental Training or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the final analysis it is often more important to keep the mind in the pressurized environment of competition. In this essay I will be covering different forms of mental training employed by the sport psychologist.Imagery Imagery and mental rehearsal are techniques that are frequently used in sport and exercise psychology because of the verity of applications they have in different settings. Imagery Imagery is a polysensorial and emotional creation or recreation of an experience that takes place in the mind. It should involve as many senses as possible as well as trying to recreate emotions experienced through the activity the athlete takes part in. The post effective imagery uses kinaesthetic, visual, tactile, auditory and olfactory senses.An example of imagery that anyone could take part in is to think about a favourite athlete in any sport. Then think about when you have watched that sports person performing. Consider when you have thought about what that athlete has done during their performance, (e. g. how they kick a ball) tried to see your self doing that in a future competition, and then copied what they did during your performance. This is just one example of how our mind allows us to remember different events and then attempt to recreate them. It is imagery in one of many forms.There are two main types of imagery in port and exercise: internal and external. †¢ Internal imagery is imagining yourself doing something and concentrating on how the activity feels †¢ External imagery is imagining yourself doing something as tough you are watching it on a film so that you can develop an awareness of how the activity looks Uses of imagery Imagery has a number of uses in different areas of performance including relaxation, goal setting, concentration, developing confidence, controlling emotions and handling pressure, and diction making. Goal settingImagery can be useful to highlight specific faults in performance which can then be used to set goals to improve performance . Concentration A key aspect to concentration is being able to focus on relevant cues in the environment (e. g. things that directly affect sports performance) and being able to close out factors that don’t directly affect the sport performance (e. g. crowd noise and banners). By imagining what you want to achieve and what you need to be able to do to achieve it you can prevent your attention from focusing on irreverent aspects and focus on relevant aspects instead. Decision MakingDecision making skills are benefited greatly by imagery because the use of imagery allows individuals to look at a number of options in different situations and the consequences of making different decisions. The benefits of imagery in the area tend to be greater for experienced performers rather than novices, because it helps them to refine skills and make the necessary dictions quickly. Controlling Emotions and Handling Pressure One of the benefits of using imagery is that you can imagine things that have gone wrong in previous performances (such as missing penalties, being bowled out and experience poor officiating).Then you’re able to imagine yourself coping with these negative influences in a number of ways and being able to perform the task successfully. Developing Confidence A football player has been taking penalties for his team on a regular basis but keeps missing them which have knocked his confidence in his ability to score penalties. The sport psychologist could work with the player asking him to remember having a strong support foot placement, striking the ball hard and true, thinking about where exactly he wants the ball to go, seeing the ball hit the back of the net and thinking about the elation experienced at successfully scouring a goal.The sport psychologist would do this because seeing yourself perform well in your mind is a good way of in creasing a sense of mastery. It increases your belief in your ability to perform a task. Relaxation A sprinter is in the start position in the final of the men’s 100m hurdles at the Olympics Games. In this example the athlete would imagine emotions associated with relaxation and together with other techniques such as breathing exercises, could try to control anxiety, arousal and stress levels Mental Rehearsal Mental rehearsal is one aspect of imagery.It is a strategy for practicing something in your mind before actually performing the task. The difference between mental rehearsal and imagery is that mental rehearsal does not take into account how the skill is rehearsed or what senses and emotions are used throughout the skill. It is the cognitive rehearsal of a skill without any physical movement. Uses of Mental Rehearsal There are a number of ways in which mental rehearsal is used including skills practice and rehearsal, practicing ‘what if’ scenarios, replaying performance and performance routines.Mental rehearsal can also be linked to pre-performance routines, as mental rehearsal can allow the performer to rehearse how they want to complete an activity before t hey actually start the performance. The use of mental rehearsal of future performance ensures that athletes take time to review physical, technical and mental aspects of the activity and produce strategies that will help individuals to meet its demands. Practice for Events Using mental rehearsal in the lead p to competition as well as in practice settings has been shown to benefit skill practice and developmentSkills Practice and Rehearsal Although it is not as effective as physically practicing a skill mental rehearsal is more beneficial then not practicing the skill at all. It actually helps to develop neuromuscular patterns associated with different movements. It is important for the performer to rehearse both good and bad movement patterns so that they can get to know the difference between the two to develop the appropriate neuromuscular responses. Practice ‘what if scenarios’ Mental rehearsal gives the performer the opportunity to practice ‘what if scenarios’ (e. . what would happen if I did it this way’). Then to assess whether something different would work in the same scenario. In Competition Practice Mental rehearsal gives the athlete the opportunity to practice their skills during an event without having to expend any energy or perform any movements. This is a useful way of concentrating on a particular aspect of skill and further developing it. Performance Routines Mental rehearsal forms an important part of performance routines. Think about when you have seen a rugby player take a kick at goal from the ground.They place the ball then look up at the posts, take a few steps back and to the side, take a stance, look at the ball then up to the posts, sometime close there eyes then take a deep breath and go to kick the ball. This is all part of a performance routine. During this routine the player is mentally rehearsing the kick of the ball before actually performing the movement. Replay Performance ‘What if’ are often combined with replaying performance in your mind, where you go thorough previous performances and detect errors in performance using the mental rehearsal.Arousal Arousal is an important aspect of sport and exercise because it can affect performance either positively or negatively depending on how you perceive the arousal. Therefore it is important to understand ways of regulating arousal and how this can benefit performance. Arousal Reduction Over-arousal is often experienced by athletes for reasons such as lack of confidence or seeing competition as a threat. The effects of over-arousal are generally the same regardless of the performer: physical and psychological discomfort that leads to reduced performance.The role of the sport psychologist would be to help the athlete to understand the causes of over-arousal to recognise the symptoms of over-arousal and then to help athletes to apply appropriate arousal management strategies to reduce levels to an optimal point. Common arousal reduction techniques include progressive muscular relaxation, breathing control, biofeedback, mind to muscle techniques and imagery. Progressive Muscular Relaxation Muscle tension is one of the most uncomfortable and devastating symptoms of an over-aroused state and can severely hinder performance due to losses in coordination (and therefore disrupt technique).It can also lead to an increased risk of injury due to vastly decreased flexibility. Progressive muscular relaxation (PMR) is an easy to use technique that can help to reduce muscular tension. It is a useful technique because it increases an individual’s awareness of their levels of muscle tension and through the relaxation phase helps the individual to distinguish between what is a state of tension and relaxation. Breathing Control When you start to experience increased pressure in sport situations an automatic tendency is to hold your breath a little.Unfortunately when you do this it increases factors that can be negative to performance (like muscle tension). The best time to use breathing control is when you are in a sporting situation that allows you to take a brake. Controlled breathing is one of the easiest techniques for reducing anxiety symptoms and it has a range of physiological and psychological benefits. The physiological benefits include oxygen transport, carbon dioxide removal, reduced muscle fatigue and reduced chances of injuries such as cramp. However the psychological benefits are also important.One of the biggest problems with over-arousal is the reduced concentration levels that accompany it such as (focusing on the negative aspects) muscle tension, increased heart rate and (in some cases) the nausea that can be symptoms of over-arousal. Using breathing control techniques can be beneficial in reducing arousal in two main ways: †¢ It reduces the physiological symptoms of arousal and anxiety †¢ It focuses the athlete’s attention away from the negative aspects, because they have to concentrate on getting the breathing techniques correct.As a result of these different aspects, the athlete will benefit throu gh increased concentration, confidence, control and well-being. Biofeedback Biofeedback involves the use of different equipment to detect physiological responses to arousal. This helps the athlete to learn how to control those responses. The technique generally uses either visual or auditory feedback of different physiological responses. The common physiological responses that biofeedback is used with are heart rate, breathing, skin temperature and muscle tension.It has not always been shown to improve performance but it is effective in helping the athlete to detect and reduce physiological symptoms of arousal and anxiety. Mind to Muscle Techniques The aim of mind to muscle relaxation is to train the athletes muscle to be able to recognise tension so that it can be released and a relaxed state can occur. Common examples of mind to muscle relaxation techniques include imagery, PMR and autogenic training. Imagery Imagery is one of the most common psychological skills techniques because it can be used to reduce arousal symptoms before, during and after competition. The process by which imagery reduces anxiety is a relatively simple one. If the athlete can use calming, tranquil and relaxing images this will reduce the symptoms of arousal and anxiety to a level that will not hamper performance. Arousal Increasing Just as over-arousal can be detrimental to performance under-arousal can also be as damaging. It is generally based on the interaction between the situation in which the individual finds them in and their psychological appraisal of that situation. Under-arousal is nowhere near as common in a sporting situation as over-arousal.However when an athlete is virtually guaranteed success this phenomenon is quite understandable. The sports psychologists’ role would be to consult with athletes and teams to develop ways of increasing arousal levels again. Some common ways of increasing arousal levels in a sport or exercise setting include: use of music, using energising imagery, increasing breathing rate, affirmations and acting energised (some know it as a pep talk or high energy body language). Use of Music Music is more widely researched in the exercise domain than in the sports domain, but it is often used in both areas to increase arousal levels.It has been shown to be effective at increasing arousal levels by eliciting both emotional and physiological responses in different individuals. The use of music increases arousal in a number of ways. By narrowing a performers attention music can divert their focus away from sensations of fatigue. The benefit of this is that the performer will have an elevated mood state through avoidance of negative thoughts. Another benefit of music is that the music which people consider to be exciting can increase body temperature, heart rate and breathing rate all of which will improve sports perfor mance. Energising Imagery In the same way that imagery can be used to reduce arousal and anxiety it can be also used to increase arousal. This can be achieved through the use of high-energy images of competition e. g. a hard tackle in rugby. Increasing Breathing Rate Just before a high jumper in competition attempts to jump the next height up they take a series of short, sharp breaths then take the run up. This is a way of increasing arousal levels; you take a series of sharp short breaths until you feel energised.This technique is also used in other sports such as weightlifting. Affirmations An affirmation is a positive statement that is designed to confirm gaol achievement. It is often used alongside other forms of arousal-increasing techniques such as imagery or acting energised to increase arousal levels. When you use affirmations it is important to review them on a regular basis. Good practice would be to change affirmations when you change the goals you set. It is important to do this so that further progress can be made. Acting EnergisedActing energised increases arousal levels in a number of ways that can benefit performance. It can heighten concentration levels, reprioritise goal achievement, increase motivation levels and make the athlete excited about competing again. In an elite sport setting, the use of this type of body language can also increase arousal levels in athletes. It increases the arousal levels of the crowd (often displayed through cheering on the team more) which further benefits the athlete. Goal Setting Goal setting is one of the best ways of increasing motivation in sport and xercise. In sport and exercise psychology it’s essential to be specific about what a goal is and what the different types of goal are. Types of Goal There are two main types of goal: †¢ a subjective goal is a general statement of intent such as ‘I want to have fun’ †¢ an objective goal is a measurable statement that relates to the achievement of some form of standard normally within a designated period of time Outcome goals, process goals and performance goals are all types of objective goal. Outcome Goal Outcome goals relate to the outcome on an event.They tend to be unpredictable because they depend on the performance of others as well as the one setting it. For example you could play the best frame of tennis you have ever played yet still fail to achieve your goal because your opponent plays a little bit better than you. Process Goals Process goals look at the process the athlete must go through to achieve a desired level of performance. They relate to skills and technique they could be required to perform at a high level. Performance Goals Performance goals look at achieving a certain standard of performance without comparison with other individuals.

Essay about value allignment

Essay about value allignment Essay about value allignment Discuss with your Learning Team an existing organization with which you are familiar that is different than the one you used for the Conceptualizing a Business paper. Write a 700 to 1,050-word paper in which you analyze the individual values and the organization’s values as reflected by the organization’s plans and actions. Include the following in your paper: Analyze the origin(s) and subsequent evolution of your personal and workplace values. Explain how your individual values drive your actions and behaviors, and analyze the alignment between your values and actions and behaviors. Analyze the degree of alignment between the organization’s stated values and the organization’s actual plans and actions. Explain the differences and analyze the degree of alignment between your values and the organization’s values as reflected by the organization’s plans and actions. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. A Learning Team Evaluation will be due at the end of each week (weeks 2-4). Objectives 3.1 Develop strategic objectives. 3.2 Create organizational objectives and goals. EOW3 N/A Readings Read Ch. 7 of Strategic Management. Read Ch. 4 of Strategy: Winning in the Marketplace. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. EOW3 N/A Participation Participate in class discussion. When participating with Discussion Questions in the MAIN forum, please remember to contribute at least 2 substantive answers 4 out of the 7 days of the week in order to get full credit for participation that week within the DQ’s. 4 out of 7 days by EOW3 2 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. Please look at MAIN forum for this week’s DQ’s. DQ1 – Day 3 DQ2 – Day 5 1 per DQ Individual Strategic Plan, Part II: SWOTT Analysis Conduct an internal and external environmental analysis for your proposed business. Create a SWOTT table summarizing your findings. Your environmental analysis should take into account, at a minimum, the following factors. For each factor, identify the one primary strength, weakness, opportunity, threat, and trend, and include it in your table. External forces and trends considerations: o Legal and regulatory o Global o Economic o Technological o Innovation o Social o Environmental o Competitive analysis Internal forces and trends considerations: o Strategy o Structures o Processes and systems o Resources o Goals o Strategic capabilities o Culture o Technologies o Innovations o Intellectual property o Leadership Write a 1,400 to 1,750-word synopsis in which you analyze at least seven of the forces and trends from the list above. Your analysis must include the following: Include economic as well as legal and regulatory forces and trends. Critique how well the organization adapts to change. Analyze the supply chain operations of the organization. Identify issues and/or opportunities: o Identify the major issues and/or opportunities that the company faces based on your analysis above. o Generate a hypothesis surrounding each issue and research questions to use for conducting analysis. o Identify the circumstances surrounding each issue; classify the circumstances; attribute the importance of each classification; and test the accuracy of the importance for each classification. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Day 7 10 Learning Team Functional Area Interrelationships Select one organization of the Virtual Organizations from the student website. Write a 1,400 to 2,100-word paper in which you complete the following: State the primary reasons for the organization’s existence from an analysis of the mission, vision, values, and goals. Analyze the reason for the type of organizational structure employed by the organization, and identify the key positions that support that organizational structure. Identify and explain the steps of the collaboration process among the

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Declaration Of Indepence - Essay Example Consequently, the then congress led by Thomas Jefferson resolved to defy the Britain’s orders (Maddern 534). The document comprises 27 injustices, which the Great Britain despite being aware inflicted on the natives, hence depriving them their dignity and using their own blood soldiers to unleash terror on them (Onuf 71). They also called all the 13 states to declare their sovereignty despite the involved cost by informing the colonial masters they were ready to reclaim their dignity, hence the name â€Å"Declaration of Independence† (Sabato 73). North America, which at presently is the United States of America, suffered untold severity subjected to them by Great Britain who by then was their colonial masters (Maddern 535). This entailed depriving them liberty, freedom and dignity. According to the then congress leaders led by Thomas Jefferson, Great Britain under King George III, did not value the rights of their subjects. This is despite receiving numerous grievances concerning what they were undergoing and neglecting them (Sabato 74). The condition worsened when the Great Britain started using American soldiers to unleash brutality against their own people. Hence, dehumanizing the colonists, which to them implied they do not exactly know their privileges (Onuf 71). â€Å"Declaration of Independence† document outlined 27 abuses, which the King George III used to dehumanize the natives (Onuf 71). Primarily these abuses entailed doing things and instituting certain legislation with the absence of the native’s regime consent. King George III interfered with the natives’ form of government and their judicial system (Sabato 72). Together with the parliament, he interfered with the colonies’ regime systems without their consent to the extent of imposing unfair taxes (Sabato 73). This affected severely trade among the states where the levied taxes deprived them their right of trading freely. Consequently, hindering the

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RTI^2 - Response to Intervention in Tennessee Schools - Research Paper Example Decisions regarding the interventions’ duration and intensity are founded on the individual responses of the students being evaluated. Also, their designation for utilization in special and general education categories develops excellently integrated systems reliant on the outcomes of children. This paper explores the impact of Response to Intervention on schedules and direct instruction receivership in K-8 level schools in Tennessee. Response to Intervention processes use a universally accepted model that is widely practiced and scientifically researched that is divided into three tiers incorporating behavioral and/or academic intercessions. The first tier involves qualified personnel giving similar instructions to the students for screening to identify students with behavioral and academic needs as to their respective learning rates and performance levels. The second tier involves evaluating the individual progress of the participating students at increased intensity of the instructions provided. The third tier entails giving exhaustive intercessions targeting the identified skill deficits to ascertain whether each student satisfies the standards set to refer them for special education or general education. Besides, schools can use other implementation approaches such as functional assessment, problem-solving or standard protocol (Buffun, Mattos and Weber, 2009). The use of instructional processes in response to intervention is the pillar of the approach. Although assessment components are essential to the program’s implementation, it is the instructions appearing as a function of the assessments’ outcome that propels the desired changes in students found to have problems with academic performance; students at a danger of not scoring beyond the established standards. The tiered instructions describe a model in which instructions are presented to each student in

How Organisations Use ICT Essay Example for Free

How Organisations Use ICT Essay The Northampton Academy is a new comprehensive school situated on the Billing Brook Road in Lings. There are 1300 students attending this school with the age range of these varying from 11-18 years. Northampton Academy Many business organisations use ICT in different ways depending on the type of organisation and how ICT can improve and help the business. The Northampton Academy is good example of a business that uses ICT in administration, in a more advanced and wider range of ways. The Academy needs to be able to send out letters to parents providing information such as how well their child is doing in school, whether or not their child is displaying the right kinds of behaviour in school, or information on educational trips coming up which their child may be interested in or is a part of. Newsletters also need to be sent out providing the parents of each and every child in the Academy with information about forthcoming events, plans for the future and general information such as school term dates. The variety of ways in which they use ICT in administration, are those such as at times like registration. The register will be taken by the teacher and each student marked present or absent, and then the register will be taken to reception where the staff will then feed it through an OMR (Optical Mark Recognition) machine. This saves time and effort of those that would otherwise have to type in the information of every student, saying whether or not they are present at school that day, so that each pupils attendance is recorded on their systems. With this information the computers will be able to work out each pupils percentage of attendance to put on individual records and also to enable them to keep on top of truancy and report attendance levels to parents. The school has to keep a record of every pupils data on their databases which is all done through ICT and typed into the databases on their computers. These need to be able to be updated if a student has a change of address or a slight change of information. The contact details can be stored easily and found easily which means it is a lot quicker to search for information on each student. It is important for the information to be retrievable quickly because if a child is ill or is in urgent need of going home, then telephone numbers and emergency contact information on that student needs to be found as quickly as possible and the staff dont have the time to be searching through paper files looking for that students information. Some of the information on each pupil is needed to be kept confidential, and because it is all recorded through computers, rather than having to be written out and stored in filing systems, which would take up much more room and time searching for information, it is easier to allow for that to happen. Each member of staff can be put at different levels of access on the administration system and password protection can be enabled to individual records so that only the people that need access to those files can retrieve the information. Student and staff timetabling is arranged through ICT. They are produced through the software SIMs (Schools information management System). The computers store all the information about what year, ability level and lessons each pupil should be placed into and timetables for each and every student can be made. There has to be a teacher present at each lesson so teacher timetabling is also sorted through ICT. This way if there are errors made on an individuals timetable or there is a mix-up somewhere, it doesnt take long to correct it on the systems and re-print another one for the student or the member of staff. Using the software on the computers, things such as sending out newsletters, sending letters home to parents and general word processing becomes a lot quicker and easier. They can be made professional by applying letterheads to each letter they send, and addresses can be mail merged to save time in having to find out names and addresses in manual filing systems. Every so often, each child is issued with a report that informs their parents about how they are doing in school and monitors their academic learning. Instead of each teacher writing every pupils report out by hand, the report is typed out which saves a lot of time. There are templates that teachers can use which, again, saves time in typing out a different report for each and every individual, when sometimes that isnt always necessary. This is all carried out through the use of ICT which is very useful, especially when reports are sent out to every student on a regular basis. Another beneficial way of using ICT in The Northampton Academy is carried out in the finance office. The financial department uses Microsoft Excel software to store information on every area of finance. This programme allows the use of formulae which automatically calculates and updates the changes made in finance so that they can keep track of how much money they are spending. Microsoft Excel provides great benefit to the school when it comes to financing because of this use of formulae. If you need to change a figure, then the spreadsheet recalculates everything again for you, saving a lot of time. The school has a budget which the finance office has to keep track of and make sure they keep to it and not over-spend. To do this each department is allocated a certain amount of money that they can spend over a given amount of time, which they can use to buy resources or other equipment they need in their department area. Another important area the finance office deals with is staff wages. On their systems they keep track of how much each member of staff is being paid, when they need to be paid, and it will update all that information on the spreadsheets whenever a member of staff gets given a pay-rise or any changes are made to their pay. The financial department deals with making sure every member of staff gets paid the correct amounts when they are due for their next pay. The school provide a various number of different educational trips that take place over the school year. The finance office has to keep a system that shows them how much money each pupil has paid and for which trip, and how much more they need to pay. So that the pupil is aware of this also, the financial department issues each individual with a receipt. This information is stored on spreadsheets and every time the pupil pays in a sum of money it is changed on their spreadsheets and totals are automatically updated. The hardware used throughout The Northampton Academy varies depending on whether youre part of the administration team or a pupil at the Academy. This will depend on the workstation used. The station used by the administration team is a Dell OptiPlex GX1. This includes: * 15 or 17 CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) monitor. These are big and bulky and take up more space. The administration staff have more room on their desks in general, because the desk only needs to cater for a single person, so they can manage with having a bigger monitor on their desk. * CPU (Central Processing Unit) * Mouse * Keyboard * Intel Pentium 2 or 3 processor * 265Mb RAM * CD Drive * Windows 2000 The station used by the pupils at the Academy is a Dell OptiPlex GX270. This includes: * 15 TFT (Thin Film Transistor) monitor. These are flat screens, which are small and compact. The students use these monitors because they need more working space on the computer desks as they dont get a desk to themselves, individually. This way more computers and more students can fit into the classroom. * CPU (Central Processing Unit) * Mouse * Keyboard * Intel Pentium 4 processor running at 2.6Ghz * 40Gb Hard Disk Drive * CD Drive * Windows XP Pro The workstations used by the administration team arent as quick and efficient as the ones used by the students. The Dell OptiPlex GX1 has all the hardware needed and is suitable for the needs of those in administration. The workstations used by the pupils have a faster running time with it running at 2.6 GHz. The memory of the computer is larger, to store all the work completed by students. The reasoning behind the students using 15 TFT monitors is so that space in the classroom is used more efficiently and so more students and more monitors can fit into the classroom. This applies to the tower box also. They are small and placed under the computer desk so that the only things on the desk itself are the monitor, the mouse and the keyboard. This allows space on the desk for students to have other things out and have more room in front of them. Each computer has a mouse and a keyboard. These arent cordless, because it avoids the trouble caused if they were misplaced, lost or perhaps, in an extreme event, stolen. In the classrooms, The Northampton Academy uses black and white LaserJet printer and colour Inkjet printer. Inkjet printers spray magnetically charged ink through a fine nozzle onto each sheet of paper, where a LaserJet printer uses a laser beam. The black and white LaserJet printers are used on a more regular basis simply because it is a lot cheaper to run. It prints very quickly and makes them efficient in classes where a lot of pages needed to be printed out by each student. When colour prints are needed, although the colour printers are not used much due to the cost of them and because of the very slow speed they print at, colour Inkjet printers are used because they are a lot cheaper to buy than they would be if colour LaserJet printers were used. The Northampton Academy has Microsoft Office 2003 software installed throughout the school which is used by both students and members of the administration team. The different programs used are: MS Office 2003 MS Word Word Processing Used by the staff to produce letters which can then be sent home to parents. Used by the students for GCSE coursework when typing up essays or producing work in various subjects. Teachers can prepare worksheets to be handed to the students in their class. MS Excel Spreadsheet Used for calculating sums of money in the finance department, and keeping track of school budgets. Used by students for ICT GCSE coursework. MS PowerPoint Presentation Used to create slide show presentations by teachers of various subjects which can then be shown to students to provide them with help and information in specific areas of the subject. MS Access Database Used to store information on every student in the school on a pupil database. Used for mail merging. Used by students for ICT GCSE coursework. MS Publisher Desk Top Publishing Used to produce newsletters which can be sent to inform parents of upcoming events on a regular basis. Used by students for ICT GCSE coursework. MS Visio Diagram Creator e.g. Flow Charts Room Plans MS InfoPath Used to create forms for data capture Microsoft Office 2003 isnt the only software used throughout the school. SIMs is used to a high extent in the administration office. SIMs (Schools information management System) is a full database which: Allows for the producing of timetabling for both staff and students. Produces set lists Is used for pupil monitoring, which are carried out and sent home to parents every 6 weeks using OMR (Optical mark Recognition). Is used for registration. The register is taken and the sheets are read by the optical mark reader machine. The data is then transferred into the database and matched to individual students. From this absence lists can be produced and followed up. The machine can then perform calculations which show attendance percentages for each student. Allows examination entries to be recorded for each, individual student and also produces exam timetables for them. Manages the pupil databases. Each student has a UPN (Unique Personal Number) which they are recognized by. To keep track of the money coming in and out of the school, the department budgets and the whole school budget, the finance office staff use specialist financial software (a database) called Hebron. This manages all the finance information, except from one area due to the fact that Hebron doesnt contain an order tracking system, and so Excel is used for this. As well as the different programs used in various ways for doing various different things, Windows XP offers other software which can be used. File Management Internet Explorer Utilities Paint Notepad WordPad Calculator This allows for the Academy to be fully equipped and use every piece of software they need and will benefit from. ICT is used widely across the school. It is used to a large extent in the ICT department to enable students to learn and complete work using the software on the computers. Every ICT room has a projector to allow for presentations and slide-shows to project onto a screen for the whole class to see and make use of. Cross-curricular use of ICT across the school has become a much bigger thing, which now means that every teacher is receiving a personal laptop; the use of ICT is specified under the National Curriculum and GCSE/A Level specifications; and the school is making use of many mini-suites and classroom PCs and trolleys. Interactive whiteboards are used in various classrooms, and the use of these is becoming larger by the day. The school is able to run more efficiently from the administration side of things as well, thanks to the great use of ICT. Letters can be produced and sent to parents using mail merge with the information retrieved from the pupil information database. As there are 1300 students in the school, the use of standard letters and templates comes in very useful. Clear and accurate information is kept about each student which is easy to find and can be easily updated using the database rather than using a manual filing system, such as lots of paper files. Books for educational purposes can be ordered by using the electronically stored order forms and being filled in using formulae to prevent mathematical errors occurring. The finance office manages the flow of money coming in and out of the school at a much quicker and easier rate because of the use of ICT. They make use of spreadsheets and specialist software in which they type in formulas to avoid repetitive tasks of adding up, calculating the averages and percentages and totalling sums of money, especially in cases where the information has to be changed. To keep the school functioning and communicating effectively, teachers now have Ranger software which allows for them to take over a students workstation from anywhere in the school if they are on inappropriate websites. The teachers can also send or post work straight to the students monitor using this software, which can help students to improve their work and allows for the teachers to monitor each student at any time to observe whether they are working hard. In general, ICT is used massively throughout The Northampton Academy which means the school is benefiting greatly by every aspect of ICT. Already, by the year 2004, the use of ICT in schools is fantastic. And to think that ICT is expanding and improving every day, makes you wonder what the future could hold! Lings Music Ltd Lings Music Ltd is a small independent company situated in the Weston Favell Centre with just the one branch. There are only 7 members of staff who keep it up and running. One of these is the manager and the other 6 are just ordinary working staff. The company isnt tied to any other big music stores; it is just a single, independently run, small company. Lings Music Ltd specialises mainly in pop music, but offers other categories of music. Because this is such a small company, they are unable to afford the latest equipment or any other expensive ICT equipment, so this means they have a limited amount of access to ICT in general. Lings Music Ltd do make use of some ICT but what they do make use of is very small, simply because they dont have the money to buy exceptional ICT equipment, so they make use of the basic hardware and software. The Microsoft package Lings Music Ltd uses is Microsoft Office XP, although they do not make use of all the software provided. They word process the lists of CDs they have in stock; use Microsoft Word or Publisher to produce basic flyers, leaflets, faxes, memos, letters and newsletters which help to promote their small business and advertise a little further. Lings Music Ltd also makes use of Microsoft Excel to calculate the staff wages, tax and National Insurance which saves them having to calculate everything themselves, manually, and instead use the automatic calculations provided through Excel. This saves a lot of time considering the staff number is small. Outlook Express is installed to enable for them to send emails and receive emails, which they can use to promote their business and sales to previous customers. But the main use they make out of Outlook Express is to email their suppliers to place orders to keep their stock at the correct levels. Lings Music Ltd only has one stand alone PC which is used by the manager. This means that it is not networked and if they introduced another PC into their business they would find it very difficult to update, access or share any files through the system. The one computer they do use is a Dell Pentium III with an 800 x 600 14 TFT (Thin Film Transistor) screen equipped with an Inkjet printer. With this all the hardware is used and made use of. Lings Music Ltd has managed to stay up and running as a small independent business for a fair amount of time now, but if they were to ever make the company any bigger and try to promote more and make more sales, then they would experience a lot of problems when it came to networking, the amount of software they use and the amount of PCs they use in their business. The manager and the 6 members of staff who run Lings Music Ltd have managed to get by with the equipment they do use, but could find themselves experiencing problems in the future as ICT expands and improves and they cant afford the latest ICT equipment.